To address the complexity and challenges of the brain MRI segmentation problem, we first introduce the basic concepts of image segmentation. We highlight differences between them and discuss their capabilities, advantages, and limitations. In this paper we review the most popular methods commonly used for brain MRI segmentation. In the last few decades, various segmentation techniques of different accuracy and degree of complexity have been developed and reported in the literature. In brain MRI analysis, image segmentation is commonly used for measuring and visualizing the brain’s anatomical structures, for analyzing brain changes, for delineating pathological regions, and for surgical planning and image-guided interventions. Image segmentation is one of the most important tasks in medical image analysis and is often the first and the most critical step in many clinical applications.
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